When corporate social responsibility matters: An empirical investigation of contingencies

Rather than re-examine the question of whether doing good generally helps a company to do well, this study draws on contingency theory to empirically examine when doing good helps a company do as well as possible. Using panel data, we examine the effects of industry life cycle, munificence, and instability on the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate financial performance (CFP). Our findings indicate that life cycle has a significant impact on the CSR-CFP relationship, as does industry instability. These findings suggest that CSR helps the bottom line considerably – if it is applied at the right time

MARKETING EFFICIENCY AND EQUITY: A CASE STUDY OF AN AREA'S COTTON GINNING INDUSTRY

Marketing,

Quantum Computing vs. Conventional Computing: Near-Term Solution is Smart Distributed Systems

Are we getting to the end of Moore\u27s law????? Moore\u27s law which is held for 50 years tells computer power doubling every 18 months may begin to expire in the next 10 or so years. Imagine you buy a computer having the same power as the last year and the year before last year. Would you buy a new computer? Or upgrade? The present computer model is CPU with I/O\u27s and combination of logical gates, and software which controls these I/O\u27s based on finite automata and Turing machine. Basically the above hard-ware software model manipulates the 0 and 1 bits

Enabling Multi-Hop Remote Method Invocation in Device-To-Device Networks

To avoid shrinking down the performance and preserve energy, low-end mobile devices can collaborate with the nearby ones by offloading computation intensive code. However, despite the long research history, code offloading is dilatory and unfit for applications that require rapidly consecutive requests per short period. Even though Remote Procedure Call (RPC) is apparently one possible approach that can address this problem, the RPC-based or message queue-based techniques are obsolete or unwieldy for mobile platforms. Moreover, the need of accessibility beyond the limit reach of the device-to-device (D2D) networks originates another problem. This article introduces a new software framework to overcome these shortcomings by enabling routing RPC architecture on multiple group device-to-device networks. Our framework provides annotations for declaring distribution decision and out-of-box components that enable peer-to-peer offloading, even when a client app and the service provider do not have a direct network link or Internet connectivity. This article also discusses the two typical mobile applications that built on top of the framework for chatting and remote browsing services, as well as the empirical experiments with actual test-bed devices to unveil the low overhead conduct and similar performance as RPC in reality

Rock magnetic and geochemical evidence for authigenic magnetite formation via iron reduction in coal-bearing sediments offshore Shimokita Peninsula, Japan (IODP Site C0020)

Sediments recovered at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Site C0020, in a fore‐arc basin offshore Shimokita Peninsula, Japan, include numerous coal beds (0.3–7 m thick) that are associated with a transition from a terrestrial to marine depositional environment. Within the primary coal‐bearing unit (∼2 km depth below seafloor) there are sharp increases in magnetic susceptibility in close proximity to the coal beds, superimposed on a background of consistently low magnetic susceptibility throughout the remainder of the recovered stratigraphic sequence. We investigate the source of the magnetic susceptibility variability and characterize the dominant magnetic assemblage throughout the entire cored record, using isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM), thermal demagnetization, anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM), iron speciation, and iron isotopes. Magnetic mineral assemblages in all samples are dominated by very low‐coercivity minerals with unblocking temperatures between 350 and 580°C that are interpreted to be magnetite. Samples with lower unblocking temperatures (300–400°C), higher ARM, higher‐frequency dependence, and isotopically heavy δ56Fe across a range of lithologies in the coal‐bearing unit (between 1925 and 1995 mbsf) indicate the presence of fine‐grained authigenic magnetite. We suggest that iron‐reducing bacteria facilitated the production of fine‐grained magnetite within the coal‐bearing unit during burial and interaction with pore waters. The coal/peat acted as a source of electron donors during burial, mediated by humic acids, to supply iron‐reducing bacteria in the surrounding siliciclastic sediments. These results indicate that coal‐bearing sediments may play an important role in iron cycling in subsiding peat environments and if buried deeply through time, within the subsequent deep biosphere

Improving the detection limit for 182 Hf

A nearby supernova would deposit radionuclides on earth. The long-lived radionuclide 182Hf (t1/2 = 8.9 Ma) is one of a number of candidates for an isotopic signature of such an event. Together with 60Fe, observation of 182Hf would be direct evidence for a supernova site of the r-process. The most suitable site for searching for such a signature would be a deep-sea sediment of slow deposition rate. Measurement of 182Hf at the anticipated level requires very effective suppression of the interfering stable isobar 182W. Chemical separation and the injection of HfF5- allow for suppression by several orders of magnitude, but more is needed for detection of 182Hf as a supernova isotope signature. We are currently developing AMS methods for measuring 182Hf/180Hf isotope ratios at the required level using a 15 MV tandem accelerator . Both projectile X-ray emission and the use of a solid passive absorber with a subsequent measurement of the residual energy are being explored. The former suffers from low efficiency, but the latter looks promising

Preliminary Satellite Telemetry of East Pacific Green Turtles Nesting on Playa Cabuyal, Costa Rica

The eastern pacific green turtle (Chelonia mydas agassizi) is endangered and nests along the Pacific coast of Central America. Understanding where turtles are going when they are not nesting on the beach can help us to better preserve the resources and ocean habitats that are important to these species. There are three characteristic behaviors of adult sea turtles when in the water: they are either migrating to or from foraging areas, foraging, or spending time in off-shore habitats in between depositing clutches of eggs. I studied post nesting migrations and interesting movements in eastern pacific green turtles nesting on Playa Cabuyal, Montes de Oro, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. The scientific questions I am answering are: 1) what locations are the utilized by as inter-nesting turtles, and 2) where do these nesting turtles go to forage after nesting and do the migrations vary from year to year or within the season. In Cabuyal we patrol the beach every night looking for turtles. Once a turtle has started nesting we check that her carapace for abnormalities. If she has a suitable carapace, when nesting is completed we attach a Spot5 Wildlife computers satellite transmitter to the upper center of her carapace using Powers T-380 epoxy. These satellite transmitters connect to the Argos system every time the turtle surfaces to breath or when on land nesting and we map the movements using this information. I created a complete map of initial oceanographic factors that affect turtles in conjunction with the turtle track data. I currently have data on one post-nesting migration and two inter-nesting turtles. This research will dramatically increase our understanding of the population and how to implement conservation efforts.http://opus.ipfw.edu/stu_symp2013/1009/thumbnail.jp

A Conceptual Model for a Universal Severity of Emergency Report (USER): An Example in Aviation

In emergency situations, it is important that information be communicated quickly, concisely, and efficiently. Breakdowns can occur when the receiver of the emergency call does not fully understand the information that the person is sending. The purpose of this paper is to present a new model for enhancing communication between the sender and receiver in emergency situations. The Universal Severity of Emergency Report (USER) is a model designed to be used in emergency situations and convey more information about the current state of the person declaring the emergency than is currently offered by emergency communication channels. USER provides three key pieces of vital information: severity of the situation, capabilities of the sender, and ability to communicate. Severity identifies the level of the emergency on a scale of 1, 2, or 3. Capabilities use the colors white, yellow, and red to indicate the current self-determined capabilities of the individual. Communicate notifies the receiver if the individual is able to communicate or is unable to communicate. This paper presents this concept in an aviation context, but USER has the potential to be used in any number of industries, including medical, military, shipping, transportation, space flight, and law enforcement

Isolating detrital and diagenetic signals in magnetic susceptibility records from methane-bearing marine sediments

© The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Johnson, J. E., Phillips, S. C., Clyde, W. C., Giosan, L., & Torres, M. E. Isolating detrital and diagenetic signals in magnetic susceptibility records from methane-bearing marine sediments. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 22(9), (2021): e2021GC009867, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GC009867.Volume-dependent magnetic susceptibility (κ) is commonly used for paleoenvironmental reconstructions in both terrestrial and marine sedimentary environments where it reflects a mixed signal between primary deposition and secondary diagenesis. In the marine environment, κ is strongly influenced by the abundance of ferrimagnetic minerals regulated by sediment transport processes. Post-depositional alteration by H2S, however, can dissolve titanomagnetite, releasing reactive Fe that promotes pyritization and subsequently decreases κ. Here, we provide a new approach for isolating the detrital signal in κ and identifying intervals of diagenetic alteration of κ driven by organoclastic sulfate reduction (OSR) and the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) in methane-bearing marine sediments offshore India. Using the correlation of a heavy mineral proxy from X-ray fluorescence data (Zr/Rb) and κ in unaltered sediments, we predict the primary detrital κ signal and identify intervals of decreased κ, which correspond to increased total sulfur content. Our approach is a rapid, high-resolution method that can identify overprinted κ resulting from pyritization of titanomagnetite due to H2S production in marine sediments. In addition, total organic carbon, total sulfur, and authigenic carbonate δ13C measurements indicate that both OSR and AOM can drive the observed κ loss, but AOM drives the greatest decreases in κ. Overall, our approach can enhance paleoenvironmental reconstructions and provide insight into paleo-positions of the sulfate-methane transition zone, past enhancements of OSR or paleo-methane seepage, and the role of detrital iron oxide minerals on the marine sediment sulfur sink, with consequences influencing the development of chemosynthetic biological communities at methane seeps.This research was supported by the American Chemical Society-Petroleum Research Fund Award #53006-ND8 and U.S. Department of Energy Grant #DE-FE0010120